Rosh Hashanah 28

Chapter 28

א אחד כדברי ב"ש ואחד כדברי ב"ה
1 it,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The second tithe for the second year and the poor tithe for the third.');"><sup>1</sup></span> one<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The poor tithe.');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ב ר' יוסי בר יהודה אומר לא מנהג ב"ש וב"ה נהג בה אלא מנהג רבן גמליאל ור' אליעזר נהג בה
2 in accordance with the ruling of Beth Shammai and one<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The second tithe.');"><sup>3</sup></span> in accordance with the ruling of Beth Hillel.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who say that the New Year begins only on the fifteenth of Shebat.');"><sup>4</sup></span>
ג דתנן אתרוג שוה לאילן בג' דרכים ולירק בדרך אחד שוה לאילן בג' דרכים לערלה ולרבעי ולשביעית ולירק בדרך אחד שבשעת לקיטתו עישורו דברי ר"ג
3 R'Jose B'Judah said: He did not follow the [two] rulings of Beth Shammai and Beth Hillel, but the [two] rulings of Rabban Gamaliel and R'Eliezer, as we have learnt:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Bek. II, 6.');"><sup>5</sup></span> 'A citron tree follows the rule of a tre in three respects and of a vegetable in one respect.
ד ר' אליעזר אומר אתרוג שוה לאילן לכל דבר
4 It follows the rule of a tree in three respects - for 'uncircumcision,'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'Orlah, v. Glos.');"><sup>6</sup></span> for fourth-year fruit, and for the Sabbatical year.
ה ומי עבדינן כתרי חומרי והתניא לעולם הלכה כדברי ב"ה והרוצה לעשות כדברי ב"ש עושה כדברי ב"ה עושה מקולי ב"ש ומקולי ב"ה רשע מחומרי ב"ש ומחומרי ב"ה עליו הכתוב אומר (קהלת ב, יד) והכסיל בחשך הולך אלא אי כב"ש בקוליהון ובחומריהון אי כב"ה בקוליהון ובחומריהון
5 It follows the rule of a vegetable in on respect, its tithe [year] being determined by its plucking. So Rabban Gamaliel.
ו ר"ע גמריה אסתפק ליה ולא ידע אי ב"ה באחד בשבט (אומר) אי בט"ו בשבט (אומר)
6 R'Eliezer, however, says that a citron follows the rule of a tree in all respects.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And its tithe-year is determined by its blossoming. Being in doubt whether to follow R. Gamaliel or R. Eliezer, R. Akiba gave two tithes.');"><sup>7</sup></span> But is it right to adopt the harder rule from both sides?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where two authorities give each two rulings with regard to a certain subject, one being more stringent in respect of one point and the other in respect of the other. For instance, Beth Shammai rule that the lack of one vertebra in a human spine still leaves it capable of defiling by 'overshadowing' (v. Glos. s.v. ohel) but does not make an animal trefa (v. Glos.) whereas Beth Hillel says that it makes an animal trefa but leaves it incapable of defiling by overshadowing. Here Beth Shammai are more stringent in the matter of defilement and Beth Hillel in the matter of trefa');"><sup>8</sup></span>
ז ר' יוסי בר יהודה אומר לא מנהג ב"ש וב"ה נהג בה אלא מנהג ר"ג ורבי אליעזר נהג בה באחד בשבט כבית שמאי נהג בה
7 Has it not been taught: 'As a general principle, the halachah follows Beth Hillel. If one prefers, however, to adopt the rule of Beth Shammai, he may do so, and if he desires to adopt the rule of Beth Hillel he may do so.
ח א"ר חנינא ואיתימא ר' חנניא הכא באתרוג שחנטו פירותיו קודם ט"ו דאידך שבט עסקינן ובדין הוא אפילו קודם לכן ומעשה שהיה כך היה
8 One, however, who adopts the more lenient rulings of both Beth Shammai and Beth Hillel [on the same subject] is a bad man, while to one who adopts the more stringent rulings of both Beth Shammai and Beth Hillel may be applied the verse, But the fool walketh in darkness.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Eccl. II, 14.');"><sup>9</sup></span> No; either one must follow Beth Shammai both where they are more severe and more lenient or Beth Hillel both where they are more severe and more lenient'? - [The answer is that] R'Akiba was doubtful about the tradition, and did not know whether Beth Hillel fixed [the New Year for trees] on the first of Shebat or on the fifteenth of Shebat.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And he followed Beth Hillel only.');"><sup>10</sup></span>
ט רבינא אמר כרוך ותני לא אחד בשבט היה אלא ט"ו בשבט היה ולא מנהג בית שמאי ובית הלל נהג בה אלא מנהג רבן גמליאל ור' אליעזר נהג בה
9 R'Jose B'Judah said: He did not adopt the two rulings of Beth Shammai and Beth Hillel, but of Rabban Gamaliel and R'Eliezer [But would R'Jose hold that] in respect of the first of Shebat he adopted the ruling of Beth Shammai?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [For according to Beth Hillel, even if the tithe is determined by the blossoming he would still not be liable to the tithe of third year, which would not begin before the fifteenth of Shebat.]');"><sup>11</sup></span> - R'Hanina (or some say R'Hananiah) said: The case here is one of a citron which had blossomed before the fifteenth of Shebat of the previous year,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' When the third year began, and the fruit had been left on the tree. A citron can remain on the tree for several years.');"><sup>12</sup></span>
י אמר רבה בר רב הונא השתא דאמר רבן גמליאל אתרוג אחר לקיטתו עישורו כירק ראש השנה שלו תשרי
10 and R'Akiba might equally well have done the same thing at all earlier date,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Akiba following Beth Hillel and the two rulings of R. Gamaliel and R. Eliezer, the blossoming having taken place in the second year.');"><sup>13</sup></span> but this happened to be the actual date.
יא מיתיבי ר' שמעון בן אלעזר אומר ליקט אתרוג ערב ט"ו בשבט עד שלא תבוא השמש וחזר וליקט משתבוא השמש אין תורמין ומעשרין מזה על זה לפי שאין תורמין ומעשרין לא מן החדש על הישן ולא מן הישן על החדש היתה שלישית נכנסת לרביעית שלישית מעשר ראשון ומעשר עני רביעית מעשר ראשון ומעשר שני
11 Rabina said: Combine<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In R. Jose's statement.');"><sup>14</sup></span> the two statements. It was not the first of Shebat but the fifteenth of Shebat,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' When unquestionably a New Year would have commenced for trees.');"><sup>15</sup></span> and he [R'Akiba] did not adopt the two rulings of Beth Shammai and Beth Hillel but of Rabban Gamaliel and R'Eliezer. Rabbah son of R'Huna said: Seeing that Rabban Gamaliel has said that the tithe year of a citron tree is determined by its plucking like that of a vegetable, its New Year [like that of a vegetable] must be the first o Tishri. The following was cited in objection to this: R'Simeon B'Eleazar says: If a man plucked the fruit of citron tree on the eve of the fifteenth of Shebat before sunset, and then plucked some more after sunset, terumah and tithe must not be given from one lot for the other because terumah and tithe are not given from the new for the old nor from the old for the new. [If it was at the meeting point of the third and] fourth years [from the fruit of] the third year he gives first tithe and the tithe of the poor, and from the fruit of the fou year the first tithe and the second tithe'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Tosef., R.H.I., cf. supra p. 44, nn. 6-7.');"><sup>16</sup></span>